Gender Implications of Involuntary Resettlement on Displaced Families: The Case of Karimenu II Dam, Kiambu County, Kenya

This paper investigated the gender implications of involuntary resettlement at Karimenu II Dam. The study employed Impoverishment, Risks, and Reconstruction (IRR) model developed in late 1990s by World Bank coined Michael Cernea (2002). It provides a conceptual tool for identifying inherent risks that may cause impoverishment through displacement resettlement. He identified 8 Involuntary Resettlement (IR) namely: landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, marginalization, food insecurity, social disarticulation, increased morbidity & mortality, loss common access to property services. Andnet Gizachew refined it 2015 include other IR did not capture his model, which are: Carelessness, Constrained community mobility, Loss resilience, education, aspects human rights attempted answer following question: What were gender-specific outcomes dam on lives livelihoods PAPS?